What Is the Gamma Function

The gamma function is a somewhat complicated function.   This function is used in mathematical statistics.   It can be thought of as a way to generalize the factorial.   The Factorial as a Function We learn fairly early in our mathematics career that the factorial, defined for non-negative integers n, is a way to describe repeated multiplication. It is denoted by the use of an exclamation mark. For example:​ 3! 3 x 2 x 1 6 and 5! 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 120. The one exception to this definition is zero factorial, where 0! 1. As we look at these values for the factorial, we could pair n with n!. This would give us the points (0, 1), (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 6), (4, 24), (5, 120), (6, 720), and so on. If we plot these points, we may ask a few questions: Is there a way to connect the dots and fill in the graph for more values?Is there a function that matches the factorial for nonnegative whole numbers, but is defined on a larger subset of the real numbers. The answer to these questions is, â€Å"The gamma function.† Definition of the Gamma Function The definition of the gamma function is very complex. It involves a complicated looking formula that looks very strange. The gamma function uses some calculus in its definition, as well as the number e Unlike more familiar functions such as polynomials or trigonometric functions, the gamma function is defined as the improper integral of another function. The gamma function is denoted by a capital letter gamma from the Greek alphabet. This looks like the following: Γ( z ) Features of the Gamma Function The definition of the gamma function can be used to demonstrate a number of identities. One of the most important of these is that Γ( z 1 ) z Γ( z ). We can use this, and the fact that Γ( 1 ) 1 from the direct calculation: Γ( n ) (n - 1) Γ( n - 1 ) (n - 1) (n - 2) Γ( n - 2 ) (n - 1)! The above formula establishes the connection between the factorial and the gamma function. It also gives us another reason why it makes sense to define the value of zero factorial to be equal to 1. But we need not enter only whole numbers into the gamma function. Any complex number that is not a negative integer is in the domain of the gamma function. This means that we can extend the factorial to numbers other than nonnegative integers. Of these values, one of the most well known (and surprising) results is that Γ( 1/2 ) √π. Another result that is similar to the last one is that Γ( 1/2 ) -2Ï€. Indeed, the gamma function always produces an output of a multiple of the square root of pi when an odd multiple of 1/2 is input into the function. Use of the Gamma Function The gamma function shows up in many, seemingly unrelated, fields of mathematics. In particular, the generalization of the factorial provided by the gamma function is helpful in some combinatorics and probability problems. Some probability distributions are defined directly in terms of the gamma function. For example, the gamma distribution is stated in terms of the gamma function. This distribution can be used to model the interval of time between earthquakes. Students t distribution, which can be used for data where we have an unknown population standard deviation, and the chi-square distribution are also defined in terms of the gamma function.

The Trial And Death Of Socrates - 1701 Words

In reading, The Trial and Death of Socrates, Socrates presents himself against â€Å"the majority† and endures prosecution for inventing new gods and not believing in old ones. Socrates lives a life that is opposite of much of the â€Å"the majority† ideals. â€Å"The majority† values goods, possessions, and uncontrollable attributes given to them by others such as a high reputation and honor. In addition, The Greek Philosopher was able to refuse the opportunity to escape his death sentence while he had sons at home because he does not see death as the greatest evil and provided his sons a positive role model. He showed calmness in the face of his trouble, while the vulnerable and fragile majority would have been in constant fear of death. Socrates, in saying goodbye to Crito in his cell â€Å"Then let it be, Crito, and let us do as I say, seeing that God so directs us.† (Plato, 102) Socrates believes that you cannot harm a good man in life or death. Through The Trial and Death of Socrates, Socrates’ has to overcome a test of his ideals. He proves to the people and the readers that he is unharmable. If a person suffers a loss of a valued good of life, it causes the person to be harmed due to the loss or absence disrupting the status of their happiness. The the loss of goods by forces beyond their control can afflict an individual. Socrates knew â€Å"the majority† recognized wealth, honor, reputation, possessions, and power as goods of life. An ordinary man would fear the loss of those, as theyShow MoreRelatedThe Trial And Death Of Socrates : The Trial And Death Of Socrates972 Words   |  4 Pages The Trial and Death of Socrates, depicts the different stages of Socrates’s life, from his prosecution until his execution. During the narratives, Socrates gives us, as readers, insight towards his beliefs and philosophy, which are viewed as reas ons for his imprisonment. Phaedo’s recollection of Socrates’s last few hours alive, reveals Socrates’s most important belief, that the soul is an entity which is immortal and is valuable during and after life. All perceived lusts, greed, and fear are causedRead MoreThe Trial And Death Of Socrates845 Words   |  4 Pagesright or not. For that, in this essay, we will use Plato’s The Trial and Death of Socrates, as our example of how this kind of attitudes play in Socrates’ life as it is well-known as intelligently and morally lived one. In Euthyphro section, Socrates meets a man named Euthyphro before his trial, where he is being accused by Meletus for corrupting the youth. While Euthyphro is here to prosecute his own father for the case of murder. Socrates starts to ask him about his meaning of piety. â€Å"It is notRead MoreTrial and Death of Socrates2267 Words   |  10 PagesBenjamin Jowett. The Trial and Death of Socrates (Dover Edition). New York: Dover Publications, 1992 â€Å"What is the charge? Well, a very serious charge, which shows a good deal of character in the young man, and for which he is certainly not to be despised. He says he knows how the youth are corrupted and who are their corruptors. And I fancy that he must be a wise man, and seeing that I am anything but a wise man, he has found me out, and is going to accuse me of corrupting his young friendsRead MoreThe Trial and Death of Socrates Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesThe portrayal of Socrates, through the book â€Å"the trial and death of Socrates† is one that has created a fairly controversial character in Western history. In many ways, Socrates changed the idea of common philosophy in ancient Greece; he transformed their view on philosophy from a study of why the way things are, into a consideration man. Specifically, he analyzed the virtue and health of the human soul. Along side commending Socrates for his strong beliefs, and having the courage to stand by thoseRead M oreThe Trial And Death Of Socrates And The Gita1563 Words   |  7 Pagesalso true of the ancient texts The Trial and Death of Socrates and The Gita, despite their conflicting messages on the importance of individuality. In The Trial and Death of Socrates, Socrates seems to take an individualist approach in that people choose to follow their â€Å"god†, or conscience, while The Gita argues that people are being guided by truth. The Gita shows this with Arjuna’s devotion to Krishna’s wishes despite his inherent ties to his family. Both Socrates and Arjuna find themselves at oddsRead MorePlato : The Trial And Death Of Socrates1107 Words   |  5 PagesAmanda Kewal Phil 103 Essay #1 Plato: The Trial and Death of Socrates Euthyphro In Platos Euthyphro, Euthyphro is surprised to see Socrates at the courthouse because he doesnt seem like the kind of person that should be anywhere around a courthouse. They both discuss why Socrates is there in which he tells Euthyphro that he is being indicted by Meletus for corrupting the youth because he does not believe in the old gods of Athens and makes up new gods. Socrates goes on by telling Euthyphro his issueRead MorePlato: The Trial and Death of Socrates1263 Words   |  5 PagesPLATO- The Trial and Death of Socrates Athens belonged to a royal blood of an Aristocratic family. Plato was a good learner and pupil who always wanted to wanted to justify Socrates and tried to discover the eternal principles of human conduct, happiness, justice, temperance and courage. He was holding a unique and valuable position in the area when he was only about twenty eight years old. Plato never forced anyone to follow him and to adopt his thoughts in order to adopt a true and simple meanRead MorePlato s The Trial And Death Of Socrates Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesPlato’s The Trial and Death of Socrates presents the reader with complex competing conceptions of what should be considered â€Å"the good life†. According to Socrates, â€Å"the most important thing is not life, but the good life† (Crito, 48b). The majority, who live a non-philosophical life, believes the goods of life include wealth, reputation, and honor: all things that can easily be taken away or destroyed. On the other hand, Socrates lives a philosophical life filled with self-sufficiency. He views wisdomRead MoreSocratic Justice And The Trial And Death Of Socrates992 Words   |  4 Pagesin The Trial and Death of Socrates. I will also go into detail about the differences between Machiavelli’s views of government as opposed to Socrates’s. Socrates and Machiavelli are two the greatest philosophers known today. Both had an effective way of showing and standing up for what they believe in. While both men were very intelligent, Socrates and Machiavelli differ with their views on justice. Socrates defines justice as doing what is best for the wellbeing of his country. Socrates shows thisRead MoreThe Trial and Untimely Death of Socrates Essay527 Words   |  3 PagesThe Trial and untimely death of Socrates, in my opinion, was a small group of people throwing a fit when it was pointed they weren’t as smart as they thought. The reasoning used by Socrates is the greatest example of the facts, not the manipulation of, proving your innocence. Socrates makes several points as to the trial being a complete waste of time and that even if he was brought to court he would be innocent. I agree death was the wrong verdict by the jury, the jury should have voted for innocence

Hate vs Fear Free Essays

Hate Vs Fear: â€Å"Fearing the unknown† Have you ever heard someone say â€Å"I hate this† or â€Å"I hate that†? Do you think they really hate that object, person or idea? Are they confusing hatred with fear? What exactly is fear? Fear is a distressing emotion aroused by impending danger, evil or pain, Whether or not the threat is real or imagined. What exactly is hate? Hate is to dislike intensely or passionately; feeling extreme aversion or extreme hostility toward; detest. Why is hate accepted in today’s culture? Saying a person hates something, someone or an idea is a lot easier for most people in today’s society, rather than saying they fear it. We will write a custom essay sample on Hate vs Fear or any similar topic only for you Order Now They do not have to explain themselves why exactly they â€Å"hate† something. It just is. We are taught from a young age to feel hostility or hatred towards opposing ideas, an example for a young child would be eating their vegetables. They don’t really hate eating them, they fear what they would taste like because they’re something new and taboo to a child. We fear the unknown and label that with hatred. Humans are quick to judge and fear the unknown. We may not admit it but we are plagued with xenophic tendencies. Hate creates a chain reaction that many people are not aware of but fall into quite often, with the end result always being fear. The reason for this chain reaction is lack of understanding and immediately gets the feeling of fear which leads to hate. The first reaction of hate is the act of attacking. People will attack a person or an idea through words or actions, â€Å"No one attacks without intent to hurt†. An example of a hate related attack could be directed towards homosexuals. They are given cruel names such as faggot or flamer, which is the attack. The chain reaction is then followed by guilt, guilt because you realize your attack was not logical, For example what if an adult made fun of homosexuals repeatedly only to find out that their own child is actually gay. They would then feel the heavy pressure of guilt. Fear is the end result in this chain reaction. People fear punishment and they fear that because they know their thoughts/actions were not right, for example a parent may fear the punishment of losing their child because of their attacks on something sensitive for the child. The end result of hate is always fear. When someone makes a choice to â€Å"hate† something, someone or an idea they’re really making a choice for fear. Hate makes people feel empowered, when they have the idea that they hate something instilled in their head it makes them feel higher than the object or idea they â€Å"hate† giving them the feeling of being a hierarchy. With the feeling of hate a person also feels stronger. In today’s society it is so much easier for one to say they hate a certain thing and leave it at that rather than have to explain themselves for the reasoning behind the hatred, people hide fear with hatred. As Lester B Pearson once said â€Å"Misunderstanding arising from ignorance breeds fear, and fear remains the greatest enemy of peace†. How to cite Hate vs Fear, Essay examples

History and Politics of the Theories of Development

Question: Discuss about the History and Politics of the Theories of Development. Answer: Introduction In the advancing and developing the world after the WW2 and the 1945 era, the need to modernize the world by the development of modernization theory was a significant advancement in the history of developmentstudies. However, the suggestions put forward by the modernization theories in terms of development and modernity gave rise to controversy immediately after it developed into atheory. This essay would attempt to highlight the meaning of modernization and use Rostows modernization theory of development to analyze the conceptfrom different perspectives and in different stages. While analyzing the theory, the context of the theorys development would also be discussed, while focusing on the perspectives shared by different developmental studies scholars (Rostow, Baker Baker, 2016). The modernization theory had two major objectives attempted to find a cause behind the failure of poor countries in developing and offer a non-communist answer to poverty for developing the world with the help of cultural and economic changes. In this Rostows modernization theory would be critically analyzed in the context of modernization. Rostow opined that any initial insertion of aid from the Western part of the globe, in the form of education, training, and economic investment and so on, would be sufficient for any society to dive towards economic development, after overcoming any barriers. He has suggested the development be viewed in the form of an evolutionary process for countries which progress up the five rung ladder (Kindleberger, Di Tella Di Tella, 2016). Analysis Rostows modernization theory or Rostow's Stages of Growth, also known as the Rostovian take-off modelis a major historical model of economic growth. WW Rostow is the developer of this model, which hypothesizes that economic modernization, happens in five primary stages, which have a varying length (Abdu, 2013). The traditional society largely consists of the population who are devoted to agriculture. The standard of technology in this kind of society is almost restrained and reflects somewhat the pre-Newtonian era.Some forms of society representing this traditional form include the Middle East, theChinese dynasties, the Mediterranean and the ancient civilizations of Europe. The precondition for takeoff stage exists in nations which have a more stable political condition. In this kind of society, there is a larger exploitation of science and technology, additional investments in transportation and communication technologies.There have been appearances of modern manufacturing processes (Elliott, 2012). In the takeoff stage, agriculture is more commercialized with the appearance of new industries. The available natural resources started to get exploited, with the rise and steady growth experienced in savings and investments. The drive to maturity stage in an economy comes after a long phase of development, approximately 40 years, in which around 10-20% of national income is invested, and the resultant output continuously outstrips the population growth. There is a huge change away from heavy engineering processes in the direction of more compound procedures. The economy has the option to choose anything for producing anything it may want, even if the required natural resources are not available. Although 40-60 years is the standard assumption, Rostow opines that the length of the time might vary. The age of high mass consumption sees a large amount of the population moving ahead of meeting their fundamental requirements. Major economy sectors are into the production of durable goods. For instance, the production and launch of Fords Model T indicated the launch of this process in the USA. This age also saw an allocation of the increased resources in social welfare and security (Rostow, 2014). According to the view put forward by Raslow, the advanced countries have all surpassed the takeoff stage and have been able to achieve sustainable growth. The economies in the developing level were either in the preconditioning stage or the traditional stage. Everything that these societieshad to carry out to reach the takeoff stage was to follow a specific set of developmental rules (Musson, 2014). The takeoff stage has been defined by Raslow as a stage in which the degree of productive economic activity attains a critical level and then presents with changes that lead to a large and advanced structural modification of the economy and the society as a whole.The takeoff stage can only be arrived atif three criterions are met with. At first, the nation has to raise its investment rates with the amount of investment being nothing less than 10 percent of the national income.This criterion can be met with either by means of investment from the nation's savings or by foreign investment or support. Secondly, the country needs to develop one or more sizeable manufacturingsectors that have a high growth rate. Finally, there is a need for the existence or creation of a social, political and institutional framework for the promotion of theextension of the new modern sector (Li Hung, 2013). Within this theory of Raslows, the growth of the economy was calculated by an increasing per capita income.In opposition to the structuralists, Rostow was unconcernedabout the productions being evenly distributed amongst all the economic sectors. Therefore, again contrasting the structuralists, Rostow associatedeconomicdevelopment witheconomicgrowth. To encourage the growth, the nation had to boost the investments and savings. Due to the low savings rate in developing nations, it was the responsibility of the government within this theory of creating a group of people who had the tendencyto save. It was also the governments responsibilitytomake sure that those people who saved more received a larger share of the national income. Otherwise, the scenario would be like the national income being consumed entirely instead of being invested (Zamberi Ahmad Xavier, 2012). Due to the comfortability of this model, it was so popular and widely accepted. It was able to justify the huge transfers of technology and capital from the industrialized countries as well as the developing countries. Simultaneously it was able to provide with a rationale for the large concentrations of wealth that was existent in the developing countries (Lewis, 2013). Rostow's stages of budgetary improvement are the most extensively streamed and especially commented bit of commercial written work starting late. It is against Marx's stages of feudalism, bourgeoisie, private endeavour, socialism and communism. In any case, there are inquiries by money related experts in the validity of the division of financial history into five stages of improvement as presented by Rostow. To keep up that every economy takes after a comparable course of headway with a run of the mill past and a near future is to over-schematize the brain boggling qualities of change and to give the gathering of stages a broad proclamation that is stunning (Ranieri Almeida Ramos, 2013). Rostow prescribes capital is required for a country to move from its traditional society (stage 1) to the further stages of change. In many making countries inside Asia and Africa, there have been generous mixtures of cash yet a huge piece of the people are still in the traditional society stage. Countries, for instance, Brazil and Mexico have continued forward to the preconditions for take-off (stage 2) monetarily, yet in doing in that capacity have obtained huge national commitments (Cohen, 2013). Rostow propels that there is a short time span cross between takeoff (stage 2) and maturity (stage 3) when a country winds up evidently self-keeping up. Essentially time scopes of improvement is a significantly more befuddled picture, as a result of the way that making and as of late made countries pick up from fiscally settled countries. Inside this stage the country is self-overseeing, budgetary advancement is spreading, and with its transport, development systems and urbanization make. War and money related approvals can drive the model to a stop or even backward in unusual conditions. This would be suitable to the current political condition in Iraq (Brookfield, 2012). The most impeding presumption that Rostow is rebuked for is endeavoring to fit budgetary advancement into a linear structure. This direction is appropriate in that various countries to make false starts accomplish a level of the move and after that reposition, or simply like the scenario in contemporary Russia, slip again from high mass consumption (or about) to a country encountering critical change. Of course, Rostow's examination seems to underscore accomplishment since it is endeavoring to elucidate accomplishment. To Rostow, if a country can be controlled, uncorrupt monetary authority in it, can incorporate up particular norms with its society and province and can recognize parts where it has some ideal position, it can go into the move and at last accomplish advancement. Rostow would show a malfunction in one of these circumstances as an explanation behind non-linearity (Van Duijn, 2013). Another issue that Rostow's work has is that it believes free countries: countries with an immeasurable people (Japan), with customary resources open at essentially the crucial time in its history (Coal in Northern European countries), or with a broad land mass (Argentina). He has little to state and as a general rule offers little look for after little countries, for instance, Rwanda, which doesn't have such great conditions (Wilson, 2013). Neo-liberal economic theory to Rostow, and various others, offers might want to a remarkable piece of the world that economic ripeness is coming and the season of high mass consumption is close. Regardless, that leaves a sort of 'grim meathook future' for the exemptions, which don't have the advantages, political will, or outside sponsorship to wind up evidently forceful. The task of traditional social requests as pre-Newtonian ignores the dualism of many present-day LDCs (Less Developed Countries). A remarkable piece of the far reaching amassing , home, and mining zones of India, Indonesia, Nigeria and Pakistan are present day techniques and strategies and can't be seen as traditional in Rostow's sense (Hite Chorev, 2014). A great deal of Rostow's suggestion about conditions for takeoff is revoked by observational data. Augments in hypothesis rates and improvement don't occur in the 20-30 year navigate Rostow relegates for takeoff. Improvement in wander rates and exclusive national thing in Great Britain, Germany, Sweden, and Japan show a direct and for the most part persevering expanding speed rather an unforeseen takeoff (Lin, 2012). Rostow's premise that economic modernization proposes a change from a youthful economy to one like those in North America and Western Europe today represents another issue. Rostow dissects LDCs at the opportunity to the improvement of nation stages in the West. The expect that the change of youthful countries will parallel earlier stages of today's impelled countries, in any case, he overlooks the relationship of contemporary juvenile countries with made countries and what's more each LDC's uncommonly particular history. Finally, we may reason that rather than being one way to deal with economic change, there are various. In any case, all around to progression, there are basic qualities, and Rostow has viably recognized some of them (Acs, Szerb Autio, 2016). In any case, the way that Rostow's model has its reporters, which is their conviction framework (their inclination), the less made economies seems to set up a fight against insightful expansionism by the gathered made economies who endeavor to measure them by their theories. Rostow's change exhibit didn't just show the dynamic course from primitive to the inventive progress of nations moreover tried, however, offhand by. Rostow's model still uncovers knowledge into a compelling approach to economic headway for a couple of countries. His model is up 'til now a champion among the most, for the most part, referred to progression theories, and is a primary instance of the union of geography, economics, and administrative issues (Popkova, 2014). Conclusion The recorded scenery of present day common requests is the view that front line countries had passed the stage of take-off into self-overseeing advancement. While the undeveloped countries are so far experiencing traditional society or the pre-condition to take-off. Take note of that takes off is preferably suited for the industrialization of youthful countries. For a country that is making, change of no less than one driving parts is valuable amid the time spent industrialization. In spite of the way that, the original fragments can be in cultivating or in the formation of fundamental things for exports. Having seen, that developing economies are depicted by the predominance of cultivating and basic era. These under making countries are scarcest foreseen that would experience those stages of monetary improvement remembering the ultimate objective to finish its goals. With everything taken into account, youthful countries must take in a lesson from the money related history of bleeding edge nations. They should take after the fundamentals of headway to take-off and after that to self-supporting budgetary improvement. In this note, the youthful countries should actuate family unit, and outside assets to create sufficient dare to revive budgetary improvement this in no little way will lead the country in finishing supportable progression in light of the way that totaled advancement point of fact prompts change. References Abdu, M. (2013). Foreign direct investment and economic growth in Nigeria.International Journal of Arts Sciences,6(1), 63. Acs, Z. J., Szerb, L., Autio, E. (2016). The global entrepreneurship and development index. InGlobal Entrepreneurship and Development Index 2015(pp. 11-31). Springer International Publishing. Brookfield, H. (2012).Interdependent development. Routledge. Cohen, M. J. (2013). Collective dissonance and the transition to post-consumerism.Futures,52, 42-51. Elliott, J. (2012).An introduction to sustainable development. Routledge. Hite, A. B., Chorev, N. (2014).The globalization and development reader: Perspectives on development and global change. John Wiley Sons. Kindleberger, C. P., Di Tella, G., di Tella, G. (2016).Economics in the Long View: essays in honour of WW Rostow. Springer. Lewis, W. A. (2013).Theory of economic growth(Vol. 7). Routledge. Li, R. Y. M., Hung, R. (2013). Rostows Stages of Growth Model,'Urban Bias' and Sustainable Development in India. Lin, J. Y. (2012). New structural economics: a framework for rethinking development. Musson, A. E. (2014).Science, technology and economic growth in the eighteenth century. Routledge. Popkova, E. G. (2014). New prospects of economic growth in context of underdevelopment whirlpools phenomena.Applied Econometrics and International Development,14(1), 5-20. Ranieri, R., Almeida Ramos, R. (2013).Inclusive growth: Building up a concept(No. 104). Working Paper, International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth. Rostow, W. W. (2014).How it All Began (Routledge Revivals): Origins of the Modern Economy. Routledge. Rostow, W., Baker Jr, R., Baker Jr, R. G. (Eds.). (2016).The economics of take-off into sustained growth. Springer. Van Duijn, J. J. (2013).The long wave in economic life. Routledge. Wilson, R. (2013).Economic development in the Middle East. Routledge. Zamberi Ahmad, S., Xavier, S. R. (2012). Entrepreneurial environments and growth: evidence from Malaysia GEM data.Journal of Chinese Entrepreneurship,4(1), 50-69.

Terrorist Essays - Terrorism, Definitions Of Terrorism,

Terrorist The Good, the Bad, the Terrorist? Terrorism by nature is difficult to define. Acts of terrorism conjure emotional responses in the victims as well as in the practitioners. No two writers agree on what is terrorism. Even the U.S. government cannot agree on one single definition. The old adage, One man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter is still alive and well today (Terrorism Research Center: Definitions 1). Although many people believe that terrorism is evil, it is merely misunderstood because there is no set definition. Terrorist are responsible to most of the freedom movements in every country. Terrorist have used violence to get their point across to the public. These acts are often necessary for the success of the movement or cause. The use of this violence can be justified in several ways. You can't make an omelet without breaking some eggs has been used by terrorist to describe their actions. Terrorism has been used by governments and against them. It has been used as part of a campaign by guerrillas who have widespread support and by small groups. Terrorism has been used in societies where grievances can be expressed freely and where free speech is suppressed. In a well organized guerrilla campaign, for example, the main goal might be to destroy the governments military forces. The violence is limited to acts which will achieve that objective. This might be destroying a factory which is making arms, or putting out of action part of the government army, or bombing an airfield so that it cannot be used by government aircraft. In some cases, the use of terrorism appears t o be a reaction to the disintegration of law and order. A stable society has normally evolved peaceful ways of keeping order and handling disputes between its members without violence. Once law and order breaks down, as they do in civil wars, members of society have to defend themselves in different ways. There may be in a situation where government forces are using terrorism and guerrilla forces the same methods in return. Other groups in society start using violence to defend this right and so a climate of terror emerges. What little law and order remains is maintained solely by the strongest groups using fear (Freeman 43). Terrorism has been used by groups of the right in an attempt to uphold the established system. In Northern Ireland Protestant extremist groups have used terrorism against those fighting for a united Ireland. There have been similar groups in Italy and Latin America Fighting for the return to more authoritarian and conservative forms of government. There are many different kinds of terrorism, this makes defining the word difficult. Guerrilla warfare is used in most revolutions and is a form of terrorism, whether it is indiscriminate terrorism (example: the bombing of a public places) or terrorism aimed only upon the government. Terrorism can also be used by a government to control its people. War between countries is a place were terrorism is used immensely in order to strike fear into an enemy (The Encyclopedia America 523). Terrorism is often a weapon of last resort. Most revolutions began as guerrilla terrorism. The American Revolution started out as terrorist acts against England. The Boston Tea Party is a prime example of terrorism. Colonial revolutionaries sneaked aboard an English Tea Merchant Ships, where they threw hundreds if not thousands of dollars worth of tea into the Atlantic Ocean. Americans today think of that incident as a stride to freedom, but the English look at it as the beginning of countless terrorist acts. The Law and Order Maintenance Act of 1962 in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) included among its definitions of terrorist as anyone who went on strike if an essential service was put at risk as a result. These strikes led to the revolution of the Zimbabwe people from the Rhodesia (English) government (Freeman 21). In South Africa, the burning of the Identification cards and the bombing of several military bases by the A.N.C. (African National Congress) was the beginning of an independence movement against the Afrikaners. Terrorism is often the start of a revolution that makes the country and even the world a better place. The IRA (Irish Republican Army) would argue that

Limitations on President Essays

Limitations on President Essays Limitations on President Essay Limitations on President Essay Among the specific factors which Newsstands work highlighted are Congress, the Supreme Court, the Constitution and its amendments, the federal system, mass media, pressure groups and the federal bureaucracy. Imperial presidency The term the imperial presidency gained popularity in the early sass as a consequence of Arthur Schlesinger book in 1973. Schlesinger charts the abuse of power by successive twentieth-century presidents, in particular Lyndon Johnson (1963-69) and Richard Nixon (1969-74), which was due to the growth of the US presidency since the sass. In 1964, during the Vietnam War, Congress passed an authorization, the Tonic Gulf Resolution which states that Congress approves and purports the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression. This wasnt so much a power grab by Lyndon Johnson as an abdication of the power of Congress as it was a blank queue which President Johnson took as the moral and equal equivalent of a declaration of war. The president is as imperial as the Congress, the press and the public allow him to be therefore there are effective limitations on the presidents power. In the President f the united States (1990), British academic David Mervin states his belief that the concept of the imperial presidency was always something of a click as it up images of the president as an emperor, a supreme sovereign authority, a master of all he survey which is clearly not the case. In that sense the debate about the imperial presidency in US politics parallels closely the debate in the I-J about the position of the prime minister as an elective dictatorship a term coined by Lord Hails in the same decade. In Sam Athenians article in the Wall Street Journey of 27th December 2002, he illustrates some of the problems associated tit the imperial presidency debate. Athenians concludes the imperial president not a useful idea. It is an epithet, dredged up whenever a president combines strength with imagination. Presidents are, in sum, leaders not rulers which means of course, they are not imperial at all. Offices of persuasion Professor Richard Nauseated writes presidential power is he power to persuade. Where the I-J prime minister can wield real power, the US president must usually persuade: the prime minister commands; the president influences. In 2003, George W Bush proposed a $726 billion tax cut to Congress, one in which his Republicans had a charity in both Houses but the President headed out of Washington on a tour of targeted states to rally support for his proposal. The president uses formal and informal management techniques in an attempt to give their priorities an advantage in the Washington policy process. The Executive Office of the President has grown substantially since it was established in 1939, and now includes dozen separate units, including such important elements as the National Security Council, the Council of Economic Advisors and the Office of Management and Budget. These units have a role in bringing together expertise to help and support efficient administration-led policy making and implementation making it an ineffective limitation on presidential power. Tim Homes (2000) points out that the different political context within which presidential administrations operate and the electorate advantages with which an administration starts provide an individual framework of constraint on the presidential ability to persuade. Supreme Court The Supreme Court plays a vital role in checking and controlling the powers of the presidency. The court can damage a president and negate a particular activity. An example of this is shown with Roosevelt over his Court packing scheme which would eave enlarged its and curtailed the power of older members. The Supreme Court has power to argue against a bill if it is against the US Constitution. In the case of Ursula v Bush (2004), the Supreme Court ruled that the detainees at Augmentation Bay did have access to the US federal courts to challenge their detention, thereby striking down an important part of the Bush administrations legal policy regarding the war on terror. In 2005, when Bush approved unauthorized spying on US citizens after 9/1 1, the Supreme Court challenged this bill as it violated the Constitution. Charles Evans Hughes, the 1 lath Chief Justice of the Supreme Court once said, We are under a Constitution, but the Constitution is what the Judges say it is. Since Mammary v Madison 1803 established the doctrine of Judicial review, the Supreme Court has been able to limit presidential powers by shaping the parameters of the Constitution to bring about social and legal change. The Supreme Court is effective in limiting the presidents powers as it is expected to be a Judicial body which is politically impartial and which must attempt to transcend passing political passions an uphold the eternal values of the Constitution. In the spirit of the British constitution, the premiership is undergoing change through the force of practice and convention. The result is of pure derivative of institutional authority or established arrangements of power so much as a qualitative shift in form and interior substance that transcends the formal infrastructure of Britains political system. In the I-J, the Courts are able to limit the powers of the prime minister through Judicial review. However the absence of a codified constitution makes Judicial review not so far-reaching. In particular, edges cannot overturn Acts of Parliament because of the principle of parliamentary sovereignty. Nevertheless they can determine the lawfulness of actions that are carries out on the basis of delegated legislation. This can be seen as an ineffective limitation on the presidency as some Presidents have the opportunity to elect new judges if a vacancy arises. Although the Supreme Court was able to limit Bushs power with regards to spying on US citizens, he was given the opportunity to elect 2 Republican Justices. Congress The president needs congressional support, and in the more assertive mood of Congress in recent years incumbents have found this difficult to achieve even with their own party in Control. Faced by hostility from Congress, Bush and Clinton in his last 6 years had difficulties in carrying out aspects of their programmer, resulting in gridlock, a situation in which the two branches of government were locked inch conflict. The tendency of Congress to appoint special prosecutors to probe every aspect of a presidents affairs, and the relentless media interest which this creates, have paralyzing impact on presidential policy. Investigations drag on, seemingly for artisan reasons, and there is always the ultimate borrow of the threat of impeachment. Although the case against Clinton originated in a sexual harassment case concerning Paula Jones, he east impeached as Silicons answers regarding his relationship with Monica Leninism, a former White House intern, were untruthful and the perjury involved enabled the Republican persecutor, Kenneth Starr, to recommend that President Clinton should be impeached in 1999. Four articles of impeachment were laid down before the House Judiciary Committee which in December 1998 voted to approve further action on all of them namely; Article 1 hearing perjury before Ken Stars federal grand Jury, Article 2 charging perjury in the Paula Jones deposition, Article 3 charging obstruction of Justice in the Paula Jones case and article 4 charging failure to respond to the 81 questions posed by the House Judicial Committee during the impeachment inquiry. Congress is an effective limitation on the presidency and powers vested within it as Congress function of oversight of the executive branch and has powers to subpoena documents and testimony, hold individuals in contempt if they fail to comply with Congresss demands. However unlike in the British Parliament, the executive is not present so there is no opportunity for Question Time in Congress. It is only in the committee rooms where members of the executive branch can be questioned so despite the whole of the executive branch being limited by Congress, limitations on the resident himself and his powers. The US Congress has more of difficult role in limiting the powers of the president and calling him to account than Parliament has simply because the executive branch arent members of the legislature as seen in the I-J. Federal bureaucracy Although the president has plenty of constitutional authority, he is limited by the federal bureaucracy. The federal bureaucracy has three principle functions, executing laws, creating rules and adjudication. The constitution states in Article 2 section that the president shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed and is the main reason why the president needs the federal bureaucracy. No modern president seems to have been able to stop and tame the bureaucracy, as a result the majority of the agencies created since the sass have survived intact into the twenty- first century. American writers burns et al make a series of fair observations when they write of one of the persisting paradoxes of the American presidency On the one hand, the institution is too powerful, and on the other, it is always too weak. It is too strong because in many ways it is contrary to the ideals of government by the people and decentralization of power. It is too weak because presidents seldom are able to keep the promises they make. The president is limited by the federal bureaucracy as it is the federal bureaucracy who are required to write the specific rules that decide how the laws will be executed. When compared to the I-J, the civil servants are in control, serving any government impartially, whatever its political complexion. They must carry out decision with which they personally may disagree and not involve themselves in any partisan activity. The issue regarding the federal bureaucracy is problematic as the problem of management and control of bureaucracies has become a central issue of modern democratic government. In addition, the federal bureaucracy is said to be insufficient especially due to the response of the Federal Emergency Management Agency to hurricanes Strain and Rata in 2005. Pressure groups Presidency groups can mobiles public opinion either for or against the president himself or his policies. President Clinton experience this in 1993-93 over his proposed healthcare reforms. The Health Insurance Association of American that aired the highly effective series of Harry and Louise commercials which went a long way to skippering the Presidents proposals by turning public opinion against them. Edward Achebe and Engel Seafood (1999) identified another close link between producer groups and the executive branch. Pressure groups are an effective limit n the presidents powers as they are able to use their representative function to ensure the president doesnt abuse his powers. Interest groups remain a powerful force in American politics as they continue to organize and represent significant sections of the community. As a result, they will continue to have a privileged claim on the attention of the executive branch and the president himself. In the I-J, pressure groups seek to influence and limit the power of the prime minister as they are the heart of the core executive which develop and make government policy. However pressure groups are ineffective as they priorities the need to shape the content of public policy. This was demonstrated with the National Farmers Union which works with the Department for Rural Affairs in implementing policies related to farm subsidies, disease control and animal welfare. Problems arise with pressure groups as they can be seen as being incompatible with a pluralist society where political resources and access to government are spread widely in the hands of many diverse groups. Pressure groups are fostering an elitist view of society in which lattice resources are in the hands of few not many. Media Administrations have taken media relations seriously for many years. Before the advent of the electronic media, successive presidential administrations had on occasion suffered from adversarial press coverage, and benefited from supportive reporting. What the media reports and say can have a profound limit to what presidents can do. President Theodore Roosevelt was an active campaigner for his policies, and believed that press dissemination of his energetic and well-structured speeches could act to maintain his proposals high on the public agenda, even to the extent of appealing directly to the public in an attempt to influence the congressional receptiveness to presidential initiatives. Newsstands analysis is central to the scholarship of the presidency, but it is not universally accepted. Among the dissenters, Charles O. Jones 1994, similarly accepts that the presidents authority is limited but Jones is not convinced by Newsstands argument that the resources exist whereby the system can in practice be adapted to become presidency-centered. This alternative to the Nauseated view points out the presidents media centrality is a result f recent developments in the communications industry, rather than the consequence of presidential actions, and argues that focusing in the president as the pivot of American government ignores the more complex reality of how American government operates. This indicates an individual level of constraint on the presidents powers. The media is an effective limit on presidential power as it assists with the success of a policy campaign. Success of this kind has proved a valuable asset in the longer term by enhancing an administrations reputation for influencing public opinion and political outcomes. In comparison, the media in the UK is becoming more critical of politicians. This was evident in battles between the Blair government and the BBC over allegations that, in the run-up to the Iraq War, the government had sexed up a dossier emphasizing the military threat posed by Iraq to the I-J. The medias coverage of politics has become more difficult for prime ministers to manage due to a tendency to hype, blurring if facts and interpretation and television increasingly following print media in its style of political and current affairs coverage. In British politics, Estelle Morris seemed like a misfit because she acted as a normal human being. When eccentrics are put in charge of a set of institutions, they will obviously modify their behavior to some extent; but they are likely to cause far more modification to the institution they inherit. Robbers arise as the presidency has not only an advantage in attracting media attention but that it also applies considerable resources to spin that attention to its greatest advantage. For all the work that goes into maintaining and developing the presidents media centrality this cannot be counted on always to offer the same potential and there are indications that media coverage of hard news, political news and the presidency itself has declined in recent years. Conclusion To conclude, there are very effective limitations on the presidents powers as the Founding Fathers intended whilst writing the US Constitution. Effective limitations include the other branches of government, Judiciary and legislature, due to their effective checks and balances on the executive branch in avoiding a tyrannical government. In addition, the media has proven an effective limitation s their role in providing vital information does influence public opinion and affect political outcomes as well as the presidents reputation. Other constraints include pressure groups and offices of persuasion however due to their person agendas limiting presidential power is not a priority resulting in effective constraints by these administrations. Lastly, the idea of an imperial president can be disregarded as the president is as imperial as his constraints allow him to be. Mark Garnett argues in comparison that the unconfined I-J constitution gives too much power to the Prime Minister and that the 2003 reshuffle underlined this problem rather than tackle it.

The Balance of Power during the Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

The Balance of Power during the Cold War - Essay Example Some nations have more power than others do, and this has resulted in armed conflicts throughout history including ones that have involved a large number of states such as World War I and World War II. In itself, the balance of power theory suggests that any rapid change in the international status or power of an independent state or collection of states will result in counterbalancing actions by other states. This occurs most readily when the alliances between different states are easily broken and formed based on what is beneficial to the particular state at the time. The Balance of Power The theory of the balance of power differs substantially between authors and publications and this section will attempt to determine some of the overall themes. Some authors consider that the model is a description of the international systems that are in place currently, others consider that it is a theory of coalitions, while still others consider it a guideline to peace2. In one sense, any inte rnational system is a balance of power relationship at some level. ... Â  y aim to maintain, as well as their position on the international stage, their relationship to other international powers and international trading relationships. States must balance their internal needs with needs of the international environment. Regardless of exact definition, the balance of power remains one of the most central theories of international systems and relations4. One broad definition that can be used for the balance of power is that as the power, or perceived power of one state increases, balancing behavior by other states works to ensure that no state becomes entirely dominant5. One of the first principles of almost any theory on the balance of power is that leaders preferentially increase the resources of their own states, as long as this does not put the survival of their country at risk. Likewise, it is assumed that leaders of states weigh up the immediate and future costs and potential costs of any action before deciding to take it6.Two important notions in the balance of power are resource and system stability. A state needs access to resources in order to function, and the more resources that it has access to the more successful it will be. However, a state must balance its need for resources against the international environment, and as a consequence must sometimes compromise its resources in order to obtain peace internationally.

Should Prostitution be Legalized in New York Research Paper

Should Prostitution be Legalized in New York - Research Paper Example    Prostitution involves the sale of sexual services to another for money; all over the world, women are forced to impose such a tortuous path unto their lives for lack of education or monetary means. Prostitution has been regarded as one of the easiest ways for women to make money and nowadays, there are even people that set up brothels and invite women to come and impart their services to others. This entire service has an array of advantages and disadvantages on its path because of several reasons which have been further discussed. Those who manage brothels are known as ‘pimps’ and this entire process is banned almost all over the world except for a few cities and countries that have legalized it. New York City is one of the most vibrant, if not the most vibrant and lively, city in the world. This city has been known since times immemorial to never sleep; people slog during the day time and party all night long, indulging in some of the worst crimes that have been k nown to be banned by law. For example, the sale, purchase, and intake of harmful drugs, indulging in prostitution, committing murders and being a part of other petty crimes. The police are almost always on a watch because of the high rate of crimes that take place; the jails are almost always full of offenders. Prostitution is again one such activity that is rampant in New York because every single day thousands of people, both rich johns as well as poverty-stricken helpless men, try to satisfy their sexual needs through a variety of escorts and prostitutes. Since the 18th century, prostitution has been alive in New York because of officials not being able to regulate the large numbers in which they take place. At the time, around 75% of men in New York were diagnosed with sexually transmitted diseases because of the same. Even today, this is one of the main harmful effects of prostitution. In the 20th century, city officials even eliminated licenses of a number of massage parlors i n New York because most of them were brothels from the inside. Nevada is the only state to have seventeen counties have prostitution legalized with Mustang Ranch being the largest legalized brothel in the state. The brothel adds to a huge part of the state’s revenue as well, more than all the other brothels combined. It must be understood that at the end of the day, there are helpless women who have absolutely nothing and thus in order to earn some money they begin to grant sexual favors to other people. In states like Nevada, this has been recognized and the law states that as long as these women are screened from time to time, prostitution will not prove to be a problem. This is because laws can be regulated regarding the use of condoms, treatment of women etc which can help to curb down the issue and take it from being a mere taboo to a profession altogether. In New York, the revenue gathered by the government would be at least fivefold of what it is in Nevada; this is pri marily because of the kind of people that live in the city, the kind of tourism and migration that it faces on a daily basis, as well as the nightlife that it possesses. If New York were to have prostitution legalized, then the headlines would not scream murders in by alleys every single day.  Ã‚  

Political Political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Political Political science - Essay Example After 1979 revolution, Iranian government started to stop United Nations to inspect Iranian nuclear program by saying that Iranian nuclear program is for electricity purposes so there is no need for the United Nation inspection team to visit the nuclear sites. The US government thinks that Iran should stop working on its nuclear program because it does not need to develop its own nuclear capacity. If we read the latest news dossier regarding Iranian nuclear program and threats to the world’s peace, we come to know that in March 2006, United Nations Security Council discussed the issue of Iranian nuclear program to set up Iran’s conformity with the terms and conditions of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. In July 2006, Security Council said that International Atomic Energy Agency was not able to provide any assurances regarding peaceful use of nuclear technology by Iran. Therefore, in December 2006, Security Council made a resolution to block Iran’s import and export of sensitive nuclear material. Looking at the behavior of Iranian government, the world’s powerful nations pressurized Iran and urged that it should reveal the nature of its nuclear program during six-party talks in Geneva. In November 2009, the hea d of the United Nations nuclear agency urged Iran to be as much cooperative as possible and suggested that it should send uranium abroad for enrichment purposes. â€Å"Tehran initially accepted but then rejected an offer for an interim solution under which it would ship some uranium out of the country for enrichment† (New York Times). Iran suggested to review the deal and said that it will continue enrichment of uranium in Iran instead of sending it abroad. In December 2009, US warned Iran of new significant sanctions in case of not sending the uranium outside for enrichment purposes. In February 2010, UN inspectors declared that they have evidences related to Iran’s suspicious nuclear activities. Despite of all warnings and sanctions,

Customer Service and Organisational Effectiveness

Customer Service and Organisational Effectiveness Customer Service and Organisational Effectiveness BROWN THOMAS GROUP Brief background and how competitive the market place is: Brown Thomas is a luxury lifestyle store which has stores located in Dublin, Cork, Galway Limerick. It is home to an unparalled range of Irish International Designer Brands for women, men, children homewares, accessories beauty products all sourced worldwide. Established in 1849 by haberdashers drapers Hugh Brown and James Thomas. In 1919 it was bought over by Harry Gordon, Selfridges who operated it as part of the Selfridge chain. It was in the 1960s when the company went public on the Irish Stock Exchange and it was then that Galen Weston bought shares in the company. In 1983 Weston bought the remaining shares and it was then Brown Thomas was born and became a private entity. Whilst the industry they are involved in is a very volatile one, Brown Thomas have positioned themselves at the top of the market place, with an ever increasing sales port-folio whilst offering a five-star customer service to their customers worldwide. A store that is listed among the best in the world, yet remains quintessentially Irish and unique.   Ã‚   Target Market Brown Thomas pride themselves on being customer focused offering a wonderful shopping experience displaying their beautiful items sourced from all over the world, they are unrivalled with customer service. From the minute a customer steps into one of their stores they will be treated with a superb customer experience as this forms part of their Mission Statement delivering on a five-star service to their much valued customer. There is an on-line shopping experience called Click Collect which delivers on their flawless services for their customers who cannot access their stores. They also have rolled out a Loyalty Card (See Appendix A attch) service to their customers, giving something back to them with every euro spent within a store, points will be stored on their cards which are redeemable against any item within their stores. There are two types of cards, Black and Platinum with their Platinum cardholders spending over à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬5,000 a year. On your Birthday you earn triple points for that week. You will be the first to hear about in-store promotions, receive invitations to events, previews and fashion shows. Along with the Loyalty Card Brown Thomas have introduced their own MasterCard (See Appendix B attch) which has an encore rewards system where you will receive certain rewards and if you have both cards its doubly rewarding! How the organisation presents itself to customers versus the customers experience Advertising As the group have to be constantly ahead of their competitors, the power of advertising is very advantageous. They would constantly keep their customers abreast of any in-house promotions, new stock arriving by sending out circulars and also reaching out to their customer base by texts and emails. Also they hold a numerous amount of fashion shows for new season stock inviting their customers to come along and visually enjoy what the shop is offering. They are involved with many charities and run fashion shows in conjunction with these in order to raise much needed funds. Also when they go into their end of season sales they advertise both in the national newspapers, TV and radio alerting their customers of their sale Premises Their premises located in Dublin, Cork, Galway Limerick have all been refurbished to a very high standard offering luxury surroundings to their customer. They have restaurants, coffee shops and toilet baby-changing facilities. There are also disabled bathrooms which which are all located on their ground floors. Also each store has a professional shopper who has their own rooms where a customer can be brought to in private and will be assisted in their shopping requirements whilst being relaxed in a beautiful environment. All stores are fitted with high technical security systems along with a state of the art fire emergency system installed, thus ensuring their staff and customers of a safe environment. Products or services They offer a wide range of Irish International designer luxury goods sourced worldwide including womenswear, menswear, childrens wear, accessories, beauty products and homewares, delivering on quality, range and price. An online shopping service has also been rolled out to their customers with convenient collection point. Competitive discount rates are also offered. Complimentary luxury gift-wrapping in stores or delivered to your door. Personal Shoppers have been employed in each store in order to assist customers in selecting the right product whilst taking the stress out of shopping for the customer. How employees interact with the customer, each other and management Employees are trained to deliver a fist class customer service to their customer from the minute they enter their store until they complete their shopping and leave. As there is ongoing customer service, team building in-house days that all employees have to complete, interact very positively which creates a very friendly and uplifting working environment. Management also participate in these courses thereby ensuring the ethos of the organisation permeates through from Management to floor staff. Personal Dress/Uniform/Hygiene/Care Because of the business they are involved in, staff care and hygiene is of the uttermost importance. It is vital that they are well dressed and groomed with particular attention to hair and nails as they are the front people who meet the customers. Staff there would wear black for their uniform and this is the general dress code throughout their stores. Staff also wear a name badge to identify themselves as part of their uniform. The Potential positive and the potential negative impact Potential Positive impact on consumers Potential Negative impact on consumers Uplifting Shopping Experience Price point too high Receiving a five star customer service Poor car parking facilities Kept abreast of fashion trends Some Departments   not clearly marked Disability and Diversity Brown Thomas caters for all age groups from the elderly to young babies and also people with disabilities. They cater for wheelchair accessibility with double doors that can be opened if needs be and Disabled bathrooms are situated on all ground floors in all stores along with spacious lifts to allow disabled shoppers to move freely throughout their stores in order to shop. Customer Service and Organisational Effectiveness ARDLEA MEDICAL CENTRE ENNIS Brief Background and how competitive the market place is: This practice was established in 1999. It is located at 79 OConnell Street, Ennis, Co. Clare. The practice is owner occupied by Dr. John MacCarthy, MB Bch NUI MICGP and his wife who is the practising nurse Eleanor Quill. There are two administration/reception staff, Marie and Mona. This is a paperless office where all your details are registered on a computer and all consultations are registered on your computer file. This surgery is located at the end of OConnell Street in Ennis where there is little competition as most of the other GP practices in Ennis at the other side of the town. Target Market Ardlea Medical Centre has its panel of GMS (medical card holders) patients along with private patients. How the organisation presents itself to customers versus the customers experience: Advertising Due to the nature of this business there is little need to advertise for new patients. In fact, it seems to be the direct opposite in that their list is full. Premises These premises which have been newly refurbished and it is very cutting edge. It consists of an entrance hall which houses the reception area which is cordoned off by glass. There are two toilets, one located on the ground floor and the other is on the first floor. On the ground floor is a beautiful waiting room which hosts a full wall photo image of the woods in Dromoland Castle. The nurses treatment room is also located on the ground floor. Dr MacCarthy also has a treatment room on the ground floor with two more on the first floor. Services available At Ardlea Medical Centre, they offer a wide range of services to patients in addition to consultations for general medical queries, routine follow-up and ongoing medical problems. The following are services that are offered to patients under the GMS scheme including the Under Age 6 scheme and Over Age 70 scheme. The following are the services that the centre offers: Blood Pressure Monitoring Cryotherapy Cervical Smear testing (See Appendix A attch) Travel Health advise and screening Ante-Natal Care (See Appendix B attch) Child Immunisation Dietary Advice Smoking Cessation Diabetes Clinic How the employees interact with the customer, each other and management The Ardlea Medical Centre whilst a very busy practice is also a very inviting atmosphere with the most welcoming reception staff who go above the call of duty in order to facilitate with appointments or for an urgent appointment if needs be. Both the Doctor and the Nurse act with equal professionalism, discression and their medical knowledge would make any patient feel very confident to be under their care. Personal Dress/Uniform/Care/Hygiene This is a bright and uplifting practice to visit with great attention paid to cleanliness and hygiene. There doesnt seem to be any uniform for staff who are always neatly dressed presented well. The potential positive and the potential negative impact Potential positive Potential negative The comfort of knowing that you are being medically well cared for by the Team Sometimes long waiting times to visit Doctor due to volume of patients Beautiful Uplifting Surgery to visit Poor parking facilities Disability and Diversity The Ardlea Medical centre cater for all ages from babies to over 70s all who are receiving the best knowledgeable and professional care. Wheelchairs can access the surgery through the widened front door and there is a disabled bathroom on the ground floor along with both Doctors Room and the Nurses Treatment Room located alongside. Customer Service and Organisational Effectiveness Customer Service and Organisational Effectiveness Treacys West County Hotel 1. The West County Hotel was originally built in Ennis by the Lynch family in the late 1960s. It was taken over by Waterford based Treacys Hotel Group in 2013. It remains one of the most popular, well established iconic hotels in Ennis.   It fights off all competition from a number of hotels in the town by offering an excellent experience for families and business alike. Unlike other hotels which are within walking distance of the town, it has beautiful leisure centre which includes a fully equipped gym and a large swimming pool. www.clare-tour.com/accommodation/Lynch_West_County_Hotel/ 2. The hotel has one large conference centre and four large board rooms targeting business and a variety of groups. The Family friendly hotel has 152 rooms with en-suite bathrooms and access to all amenities in the hotel and therefore attracts families from Ireland and abroad. There are excellent restaurants, a cafà © and bar with bar food. The hotel, therefore, receives a large amount of business from local people who can have their needs met and enjoy the facilities of the hotel. https://treacyswestcounty.com/ 3. Advertising The hotel has an excellent website which is very easy to navigate and has its own Facebook page. It advertises in a number of magazines such as bridal and holiday magazines. Upcoming events are advertised weekly in the local papers (Clare Champion and Clare People) and local radio. https://www.facebook.com/TreacysWestCounty/ (see App. A) Premises The building had a complete refurbishment in 2013. All fixtures and fittings are maintained to a very high standard. Products and Services The hotel offers a range of different services which include a beautiful cafà © and 2 restaurants. There is a leisure centre which includes a state of the art gym, aerobic centre and large swimming pool. The cost of a full membership is â‚ ¬350 per year which is quite expensive compared with other leisure centres. Employees interaction Customer service standards are high from the receptionist through to the leisure centre staff although some waitresses are not as friendly as others. The bar and waiting staff in Borus Bar seem to be run off their feet during busy times. This, in turn, does not reflect well on management. Management presentation The management and staff present themselves well with a stylish uniform for managers and staff alike. The housekeeping staff also wear a stylish uniform and are friendly towards the customers they meet. 4. Positive and Negative impact of question 3 All events, from afternoon tea dances to specialized concerts, yoga classes and workshops are advertised so as to reach all customers. The Clare Champion and Clare people newspapers, along with their current up to date website and Facebook page make for a positive impact on customers. There is a positive vibe in the hotel and this is mainly due to the friendliness and competency of the staff along with the wonderful facilities and proximity to the town centre. There is a negative impact on the customer when they see that the bar staff are overworked during busy periods and are unable to give the customer their full attention. Management will need to look into this and in turn take on extra staff at these times. The management should also compare the price of leisure centre memberships in the area and either offer extras to the customer or reduce their price of membership. 5. Disability and Diversity There are only 2 disabled bays close to the main entrance of the hotel. This is a very low number in relation to the size of the hotel and carpark in comparison to other hotels in the town. On the positive side there are very good facilities within the hotel to accommodate wheelchairs e.g. lifts, wide doors, ramps and disabled toilets. All nationalities are welcome although the hotel has been known to turn away a Traveller weddings. Customer Service and Organisational Effectiveness Parnell Medical Centre 1. Parnell Medical Centre was set up in Ennis in 2011 to cater for the needs of the growing town. Dr Conor Hanrahan, who was already established in the town, remained the only doctor operating from the building until 2014. He was then joined by Dr John Boyle, an English man, who had worked in the Elm Medical Centre on the Gort road in Ennis for a number of years. There is no competition between the surgeries as there is a shortage of doctors and the demand exceeds supply. 2. The surgery, and both doctors, cater to the needs of all patients registered with them. It provides the services of a nurse, who is on hand to deal with minor complaints, take blood, smear tests etc. There are 3 very caring and friendly receptionists. 3. Advertising There is no official website for the Parnell Medical Centre although both doctors can be reviewed online. Advertising is not necessary as the demand for doctors services exceeds supply. (see App B) Premises The premises are located on the first floor with a lift which can be accessed through the pharmacy below. Each doctor has its own separate waiting room. There is a childs play area in one waiting room and a beautiful fish tank in the other. Both waiting rooms have easy access to the bathroom. The surgery looks clean and tidy and is painted on a regular basis. Services Both doctors provide routine and urgent medical care, prescriptions and medical certificates. Medical card holders are welcome at the surgery. The Receptionists answer the phones, take appointments and write up all the paperwork for the doctors. There is a conveniently located pharmacy on the ground floor. Employees Interaction All staff at the surgery seem to interact very well with the customers and also with each other. The receptionists greet all patients with a smile and are helpful and understanding. Management presentation Dr Hanrahan always dresses in a suit whereas Dr Boyle is more casually dressed. Both are very clean and tidy and always use gloves when an examination is necessary. Hand sanitizers are constantly being used throughout the surgery by all staff members especially the doctors and the nurse. 4. Positive and Negative impact of question 3. There is no official website for the Parnell Medical Centre so anyone looking for information on their services will be required to call in or phone the practice. The surgery does not take calls from 1pm 2pm and this can be frustrating as it may be the only time some patients are able to phone. There are two separate waiting rooms so overcrowding is never a problem. The premises are kept neat and tidy and children are entertained while waiting, due to the large fish-tank and play area. The pharmacy on the ground floor is a major advantage. The staff in the surgery are polite, empathetic and friendly. The receptionists interact very well with each other and work efficiently in conjunction with the doctors. 5. Disability and Diversity There are sufficient disabled bays in close proximity to the surgery as it is adjacent to the Parnell street car park. There is a lift which can fit a wheelchair. One of the waiting rooms is wheelchair friendly along with the bathroom. The surgery caters for all ethnic groups, including travellers, with no discrimination against anyone.   Ã‚   www.whatclinic.ie/doctors/ireland/county-clare/ennis/dr-dermot-boyle www.whatclinic.ie/doctors/ireland//ennis/dr-conor-e-hanrahan Enc:

Mother Teresa Essay -- essays research papers

Biography Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu was born August 26, 1910 in Skopje, in Macedonia. Her childhood was comfortable and prosperous due to her father’s success. Her father encouraged his children to be generous and compassionate to those less fortunate. Her mother was very religious and she took the children to morning mass. Agnes often helped her mother deliver parcels of food and money to the poor and prayed with the whole family every evening. The family’s life changed dramatically after their father’s death, when Agnes was 9. Although now poor themselves, they continued to help those less fortunate. Christianity became increasingly important in Agnes’ life. From the age of 12, she was aware of a desire to devote her life to God. As Agnes thought about what she could do for Christ, she started to feel a call for God. In the two years she decided to become a nun. Agnes spent longer periods of time going on retreats and received guidance from her Father Confessor. At th e age of 17, she made the decision to become a nun, because she had been taught that chastity is a special and pure grace. This was an important moment for Agnes as she chose a life of self-sacrifice. Agnes was just 18 when she decided to join the Sisters of Our Lady of Loreto, who were very active in India. On December 1, 1928 the crossing to India started. In the beginning of 1929 they reached Colombo, then Madres and finally Calcutta. The journey continued to Darjeeling, where she completed her training. Agnes was trained in prayer, scriptures, theology, and the spirituality and history of her Order. She started to learn Hindi and Bengali and to improve her English. She taught at the local school and worked in a small medical station. On May 24, 1931, Agnes took her first vows of poverty, chastity and obedience as a sister of Loreto. She chose her name in religious life as St. Theresa of Lisieux. Soon after she went to Calcutta to begin her teaching career. She went to Loreto and for the next 19 years she lived the life of a Loreto nun and an educator of girls in a form of semi-enclosure. Her main subject was geography until she became head mistress. Whenever she left the compo und to teach at another school, she would see the slums. Calcutta was a deeply troubled city due to famine, floods and cyclones, which destroyed harvests and the number of beggars in search of food greatly increased. S... ...ers to â€Å"Give Christ to the world, do not keep him to yourself and in doing so use your hands.† Mother Teresa on the significance of death said â€Å"For me that is the greatest development of the human life, to die in peace and dignity, because that’s for eternity.† She is a Christian following in the footsteps of Jesus Christ. The heart of the Christian message is forgiveness, and in Mother Teresa’s own words â€Å"Without forgiveness there can be no real love.† She fully understood the Gospel of love; she practiced it with her whole heart, and through the daily toil of her hands. Through Mother Teresa’s work, many other charities were started. She had a dream, which became a reality. She provided a refuge of last resort for the dying when the alternative was to die alone on the street. The belief that God mandated Mother Teresa is shared by all of her Sisters. The way her life touched others particularly in the West, will probably be considered a far greater achievement than anything she did to change Calcutta. She devoted herself to helping the dying, the destitute, lepers, AIDS victims, orphans and society’s outcasts around the world because she saw in each person the human face of God.

“Growing Up” Paper Essay

The book â€Å"Growing Up† is about the author Russell Baker and about his life growing up in the early 1900s. He lived through many hardships while he was growing up including his father, Benny, dying, his mother having to give up one of her children for adoption, and living through the great depression. Although his experience with the great depression was very bad I think that Russell had a little bit above average life compared to other people living in that time period. Russell was affected by the depression in many ways while growing up. Because his mother couldn’t find a job she had a very difficult time supporting her family. Because of this, His mother let Benny’s brother adopt their daughter Audrey to ease the financial burden on their family. (Baker p.85) Russell grew up without a sister that he would had had if it weren’t for the great depression. Not only did the great depression break up Russell’s family, it also forced them to move away from his childhood home and live with his uncle Allen. (Baker p.88) Russell writes that his mother was originally going to stay there until she found a steady job and could rent an apartment for herself. (Baker p.88) However this didn’t work out and she ended up staying there a lot longer. Allen is confident that he has a steady enough job to make it through the depression just fine but he eventually takes in his brothers Charlie and Hal as well. It proves too much and Russell and his mother move yet again, this time to Baltimore, where Russell is forced to find a job as a paper boy to help his mother out all that he can. The Bakers still fall on hard times and at one point they have trouble getting money even for food. As a result of this they turn to the government to receive handouts just to eat. (Russell p.200) In the book, Russell explains how his mother had to move out of their house and live with her brother and his uncle Allen because the great depression had started and his mother couldn’t find a job. (Baker p.88) Although this  is a bad situation to be in I feel that during the great depression it wasn’t so bad considering there were people who had no home at all and actually had to sleep outside on newspapers.. (As shown by photo 3 in the powerpoint.) There were lots of people during the depression that has it a lot worse than Russell Baker. Russell and his family never actually had to deal with being homeless. It was very common in large cities to have ramshackle shantytowns called â€Å"Hoovervilles† spring up on abandoned land that was basically a town of homeless people seeking shelter in homemade huts. (Foner p.637) (Photo#6) Baker and his mother also managed to both find jobs in the city Baltimore. They weren’t well paying jobs and they still had to turn to the government for food handouts but they still managed to get jobs. Unemployment was such a big issue during the depression that whole companies were going under and closing down, like U.S. Steel, who had 225,000 employed workers before 1929 and by the end of 1932 had zero. (Foner p.636) The fact that Russell and his mother both managed to find and keep jobs in Baltimore meant that they had it better that a lot of other people living in that city and they were very fortunate, The depression hit so hard in the major cities that people decided to start moving out to the country to try to grow food for their family on farms. In fact during the great depression more than 33 million people lived on farms. That was more than any previous point in American history. (Foner p.637) Russell Baker and his family never had to resort to such extreme measures. They never had to grow their own food to be sure that they could eat that night. Not that conditions were any better in the rural farm areas. By 1930 some unusually dry weather had devastated the rural America, causing the soil to dry up and a very severe drop in crop production. (Foner p.650) Things got so dry that the wind started blowing the topsoil away, creating the dust bowl which was basically giant sand storms that would decimate entire towns and homes. (Photo #5) It’s safe to say that it was a good thing Russell and his family didn’t have to resort to living out in the dust bowl like so many other Americans. Russell was also able to attend college after he graduated high school. This is another point that illustrates how good Russell had it during the depression. Not many people had the privilege to go to college during this time period. Lots of people were either unemployed or working very hard at a job they were desperate to keep. The job situation had become so bad that the government started organizations specifically for creating jobs in America such as the NRA the AAA and the CCC. (Foner p.67) Knowing that there were so few jobs that the government had programs specifically to create jobs makes you think just how lucky Russell was to be able to go to college during the great depression. I do not believe that Russell Baker’s experience was the â€Å"average† experience during the great depression. Knowing what I’ve read from the Foner text and looking at the pictures on the powerpoint, I think it paints a much different picture for the average experience of the great depression. One of desperation and sadness that just doesn’t show up in Russell’s story. Compared to today’s life for most people He absolutely had it rough but in a nation filled with homeless starving desperate people Russell didn’t have it so bad. I think that he was very fortunate to live the way he did during the depression.

Assess the contribution of Social Action Theory to sociology Essay

Social Action Theorists, or Interactionists are also known as micro sociologists, this is because instead of looking at the bigger picture in society, and how the large structures and institutions such as the education and judiciary systems affect individuals, which is what Marxists and Functionalists (macro sociologists) look at, Social Action Theorists look at the opposite, how us, individuals, act by our own accord, and how we make up society. This is known as a ‘bottom up’ view of society. They see people as having a much more active role in society, as opposed to the passive puppets that Structuralists make us out to be. They reject the view that our behaviour is the product of these organisations and structure. Although Social Action Theorists do look very much as individual behaviour, they also take into account the fact that we are aware of the people around us, they argue that our behaviour is influenced by how other individuals react to us and behave, so society is made up because people come together and interact. We are able to react to each other’s behaviour in this way because we have learnt how to expect what people should and shouldn’t do, and how to interpret behaviour. We have meanings for various symbols during interactions, for example, someone frowning may show confusion or anger, and someone swearing with a hand gesture may be insulting, because of these codes and symbols, we are able to anticipate behaviour, and judge how people are feeling. This also gives us a knowledge about what behaviour is and isn’t appropriate in certain situations. These different situations can also affect how we behave and what behaviour is acceptable, for example shouting and swearing may be seen as acceptable at a football match, but this would be highly inappropriate in the middle of a supermarket or library. These behaviours and expected ways of carrying ourselves, or norms and values, (especially the basic ones, such as how to act around others) are learnt from the family at a young age. However education teaches us how to act in a larger range of social situations. The acquiring of this knowledge is what leads to us gaining our identity. Social action theorists suggest that there are three main parts to our identity. The first of these parts is the things that make us individual, such as name, signature and photograph. The second aspect is social identity, which is made up of the personality characteristics that are associated with our role in society. For example, I am seen as an older brother, which society may make me out to be annoying and protective of my younger sibling, but I am also seen as a student, who is perceived to be hard-working and well-behaved. The final part of our identity is the concept of ‘self’, or what we think of ourselves, and how we think we play our respective roles. This concept of ‘self’ has been developed further by social action theorists, who believe that this can be further broken down into two components, the ‘I’ and the ‘me’. The ‘I’ is the private inner self, what we truly think of ourselves, whereas ‘me’ is the social self, and is the one that carries out the roles of brother and student. Goffman referred to society as a play, and that we are all as individuals, actors in this play, or in the drama of everyday life. The expected ways of behaving, or social norms are the script, for example, greeting someone with ‘Good morning’ is expected. He suggests that the roles we carry out are simply a performance designed to create a particular impression. For example in front of grandparents, I put on this performance of being exceptionally well mannered (believe it or not). Another part of social action theory is the concept of labelling. This is when someone is put into a group, or stereotyped, because of the way they look or act. For example a young person may be labelled as a ‘goth’ because they have pale skin, black hair, and listen to a certain type of music. Becker came up with the idea of a Master Status. This means that an individual can have a status (normally negative) which overrides all other labels. For example, someone may be a very good brother and son, but then may be arrested for robbery, and then the label of ‘criminal’ will become his master status, and people won’t see the brother or the son they saw before, they will simply see him as a criminal. It is believed that these labels lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy. This means that someone will react to the label they have been given, and this label will become true. For example, if a teacher (very wrongly) labels a student as ‘dumb’ they may think they genuinely are dumb, and will not do well at school. However it has been argued that the opposite can occur, and people may go out of their way to disprove their label, to carry on with the example before, the ‘dumb’ student may try exceptionally hard at home and at school, to prove the teacher wrong, the label may act as motivation. There are many criticisms of Social Action Theory, one being that they tend to be very vague when describing who is responsible for creating these norms and values, and interpretations that mean we know how to act around people and in certain situations. They fail to explain power, and factors which may affect these norms such as class or gender.

Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) Training

Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) Training The Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) credential is usually the first Microsoft title earned by certification seekers– but it’s not for everybody. Here’s what you need to know: MCP Is the Easiest Microsoft Credential to Obtain The MCP title only requires passing a single test, normally an operating system test like Windows XP or Windows Vista. That means it takes the least amount of time and money to get.That does not mean, however, that it’s a breeze. Microsoft tests a lot of knowledge, and it will be difficult to pass the exam without some time in a helpdesk or network environment. The MCP Is for Those Who Want to Work on Windows Networks There are other Microsoft certifications for those who want to work in other areas of IT: for example, databases (Microsoft Certified Database Administrator – MCDBA), software development (Microsoft Certified Solutions Developer – MCSD) or high-level infrastructure design (Microsoft Certified Architect – MCA).If your goal is to work with Windows servers, Windows-based PCs, end users and other aspects of a Windows network, this is the place to start. Gateway to Higher-Level Certifications The MCP is often the first stop on the road to the Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA) or Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) credentials. But it does not have to be. Plenty of folks are happy to get the single certification and have no need, or desire, to move up. But the upgrade path to the MCSA and MCSE is easy, since the test you have to pass will count toward the other titles.Since the MCSA requires passing four tests, and the MCSE takes seven, getting the MCP will a) Get you that much closer to your goal and b) Help you decide if this type of certification, and career, is for you. It Leads Most Often to an Entry-Level Job Hiring managers often look for MCPs to work on a corporate helpdesk. MCPs also find jobs in call centers, or as first-tier support technicians. In other words, it’s a foot in the door to a good IT career. Don’t expect IBM to hire you as a system administrator after waving your MCP paper in someone’s face.Especially in a tough economy, IT jobs can be scarce. But having a Microsoft certification on your resume can help give you an edge over non-certified candidates. A prospective employer knows you have a base level of knowledge, and the drive to gain knowledge of your prospective, or current, field. The Average Pay Is High According to the latest salary survey by respected website mcpmag.com, an MCP can expect a salary of around $70,000. That’s not bad at all for a single-test certification.Keep in mind that those figures take many factors into account, including years of experience, geographic location and other certifications. If you’re a career-changer and getting your first job in IT, your salary will quite likely be substantially less than that.Consider all these factors when deciding whether or not to go for the MCP title. MCPs are well-respected in IT shops, and have skills that can help them on their way to lucrative, satisfying careers.

Analysis of Kate Chopins Short Stories The Feminist Analysis Essay

Analysis of Kate Chopins Short Stories The Feminist Analysis - Essay Example She fainted at the sight of Mr. Mallard and eventually the doctor declared that she died of the joy that kills. Nevertheless, that is not all to the story. The author shows how females are quietly held by their necks by their male partners at a time when norms placed women in houses to take care of the household chores and attend to the needs of their husbands and children. In this paper, an analysis of the story’s feminist entreaties will be discussed in detail. Women in the past centuries have been burdened with their perceived roles as housekeepers and child-caregivers set by the norms of patriarchal culture. During the author’s time, one of the popular media used in expressing one’s ideologies is through stories. This is evident in the aforementioned story. Here, Josephine is used to represent the women who are quite content to accept the norms and are bound to perform their duties without question. Louise on the other hand is the portrayal of women who want more than just being a housekeeper. Nevertheless, since it is a taboo for women to pursue their dreams, she acquired heart trouble from her situation. When Louise locked herself in her room, she thought of her husband. â€Å"She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in death; the face that had never looked save with love upon her† (Chopin). Her husband was a gentleman but that was not enough for Louise’s adventurous and revolutionary heart. She wanted to go to various places, meet other people and be as free as the wind. She never experienced those while she was married because even though her husband is kind and loving, he was a â€Å"powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature† (Chopin). Louise was never free to assert herself in the

Shakespeare in Love Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shakespeare in Love - Movie Review Example This essay considers background information related to the film Shakespeare in Love, including plot, and presents a general critique of various filmic aspects. The film itself is set in 1593 Europe and as indicated occurs during the time period when William Shakespeare was writing Romeo and Juliet. The play begins presenting two competing theatres and extends into other dramatic elements. Researchers have analyzed the play and noted the two central cruces to by the need to get a play produced and the extent that the play will be able to truly articulate the concept of love. In addition, Huntley has considered how the play presents the underlining human drive of desire and love, as articulated in the romance that occurs between Shakespeare and Viola, and the complications presented by Lord Wessex. Shakespeare is indicated to be working for The Rose Theatre. Geoffrey Rush plays Philip Henslowe who is the owner of the theatre. While he has constructed a play titled Romeo and Ethel, the Pirate’s Daughter, upon learning that his love interest has cheated on him with another man he rewrites the play as Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare begins to hold auditions for the lead roles in the play. One of the people that audition for Romeo is Gwyneth Paltrow’s character Viola de Lesseps; however, she is disguised as a man. Shakespeare begins a relationship with Viola after discovering her true identity. In many regards, their relationship resembles that of the fictional relationship of Romeo and Juliet in that in many regards it seems doomed to fail. For instance, Shakespeare is already married, and Viola’s family intends for her to marry a wealthy aristocrat named Lord Wessex. During this time another famed playwright, Christopher Marlowe is featured who offers Shakespeare various types of advice. Soon Shakespeare and Viola find themselves in front of the Queen and make a bet that a player cannot be written that captures the true nature of love. Shakespear e works to present Romeo and Juliet as the true essence of love.